Chinese feudal society had 3 prosperous dynasties including Han – Shang – Ming. The history of the Shang dynasty is divided into 3 periods : Beginning, Middle, Declining, had 7 kings in a period of 130 years. Vo Tac Thien is the forth king, after Duong Cao To, Duong Thai Tong and Duong Cao Tong. She held the real power over 50 years.
Vo Tac Thien came from a normal family in Kinh Chau. As a child, in the time of Duong Thai Tong, she is selected to go into the internal palace as an imperial mail. However, she was so studious, clever that she understood the literacy and history soon.
In November 655, Cao Tong abolished the present queen and took Vo Tac Thien to this position – she was 32 years old at that time. the Vo queen was hard-working, active and deep. Therefore, a few days after being the queen, she decided to dismiss many high ranking mandarins. Since 660, Cao Tong officially vested Vo Tac Thien with the power. She gradually held all the power and all the court officials called her the second king. A few year later, Cao tong wanted to cede the throne to Ly Hoang. (Tac Thien had 4 sons and Ly Hogan was the oldest. ) Knowing the news, she found the way to this her son. Cao tong wanted to establish the second son, Vo queen abolished him to be the “normal person” and took away. After that, the third son, Li Hien, became the new king, namely Duong Trung Tong. In 684, she once again abolished her son, took “Li Hien” to Lu Lang as a local lord. Her forth son, Ly Dan, became the king and she still held the power because Li hien was too young. Since then, she carried out the revolution called “Tac Thien Cache Mang”, namely the revolution of Tac Thien. Next, Li Dan led 600,000 people, offered petition to proclaim Vo Tac Thien to the king. After that, she changed the country name, became the king and called herself “Tac Thien Hoang De” (The King named Tac Thien) in 680.
In the long history of China, the wife of the king who held the power is not few, but highly such as La Hau of the Han dynasty, Tu Hy of the Ch’ing. However, only Vo Tac Thien really sit on the throne.
When becoming the king, Tac Thien was really 70 years old. She used all her intelligence. She was famous for her diligence : the work from the central authority to the local, from the military work to the competition, which is used to select talented people. She always came, examined and solved by herself. And she did the work in the continuous 50 years till the last breath.
A highlighted point in her career was the way of using people, coming with the continuous change and reform the administration government. She wad keen on recruiting the prodigy by all the ways: examining, proposing, finding etc.
She awarded and punished clearly and fairly. She treated to the officials only by basing on the effect of the work, examined and decided by herself without unfairness, especially to the close officials and her relatives. History said that her two princess was entrusted to do a small work but they couldn’t finish. Two princess was abolished and became normal people. Generally, about Vo Tac Thien’s life, there were many complaints and praising words from the past to the present. However, time is over, especially nowadays, complaints have been fewer and praising words have been more. All agreed that “with the intelligence, diligence and determined political talent, during half of the country, he had enormous historical contributions to the unification and prosperity of her times”.
Notes : Shang = nhà Đường
Ming = nhà Minh
Ch’ing = nhà Thanh
high ranking mandarin = quan đại thần
petition to the king = sớ
Rethink, redesign, rebuild. This is the theme of the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2010, the goal of which is to find the way to exit the international economic crisis.
This crisis makes people read the book “Capitalism” of K.Mazx again. In this book, K.Mazx said that the crisis of capitalism is period able and sure to occur, namely it can’t be avoided.
This encouraged the capitalism to find method in order not to repeat any slowdowns. Therefore the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2010 received the attention of the whole world. And the theme this meeting delivered is “Re think, redesign, rebuild’.
What about this theme? It is one-line answer : It stayed in Rethink, with belief examples in Redesign.
Over 70 years since the Great Depression 1929-1933, the human-beings entered one crisis again. It caused the great consequences : unemployment, budget cutting, remittance lowering etc.
Rethink means changing the way people think and approaching problems. It now is more important than changing the mechanic of dealing with the problems.
Who has to rethink?
They are the leader of the Financial Departure and National Banks. In order not to see the bankruptcy of Fannie May and Freddie Mac again, the leader of the economy must take close eyes to the mortage and loan, which is too easy and loose before the crisis in 2008. This is also the cause leading to our situation now – the economic crisis and global downturn.
They are also the leaders of the Trade Departure in many developing countries. In the bottom of the crisis, we only realized the potential of the inland market. During a long time before, we focused on the foreign market and waste the domestic market. “Rethink” here is we find the important role of the inland market and see it as the motive to move towards the recovery.
They also are the investor. The fear ness of the investor is the fast and direct cause leading to the collapse of the stock market. It is also the cause of two great depression time, in which the investors drew out the money from the bank and the companies can’t have enough capital to reproduce.
In general, rethink is the beginning point and also the most important point.
Note : Fannie May and Freddie Mac = hai ngân hàng cho vay lớn của Mĩ sụp đổ năm 2007, gây râ cuộc khủng hoảng tài chính dẫn đến cuộc khủng hoảng kinh tế thế giới hiện nay.